Difference between revisions of "Planck's Constant Determination"

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=Description of the Experiment=
 
=Description of the Experiment=
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The purpose of this experiment is to study the photoelectric effect in metal and the determination of Plank's constant, since the former is of a quantic nature.
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The purpose of this experiment is to study the photoelectric effect in metal and the determination of Planck's constant, since the former is of a quantic nature.
  
 
The light created by a mercury bulb is passed through a diffraction net to separate its spectral lines (i.e., the colours of the spectrum, just as a rainbow is a separation of the sunlight) and is used to force the emission of electrons in a photoelectric cell for each colour.
 
The light created by a mercury bulb is passed through a diffraction net to separate its spectral lines (i.e., the colours of the spectrum, just as a rainbow is a separation of the sunlight) and is used to force the emission of electrons in a photoelectric cell for each colour.
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<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:420px">
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'''Links'''
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<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
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*Video: rtsp://elabmc.ist.utl.pt:554/g.sdp
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*Laboratory: Básico em [http://e-lab.ist.eu e-lab.ist.eu]
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*Control room: g
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*Level: ***
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</div>
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</div>
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=Experimental Apparatus=
 
=Experimental Apparatus=
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Under construction.
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[[File:Espectro_dos_leds.png|thumb|alt=Led spectrum|Figure 1: Led spectrum.]]
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The photoelectric cell is a PASCO AP-9368, capacitor type cell, where one of the plates emits photoelectrons. These are stored in the other plate, which creates an electric potential between plates (and consequently, between the photocell's terminals). This potential increases with time until a maximum is reached. At this point, the capacitor stops charging (the potential energy is greater than the photoelectron's kinetic energy). For each wavelength, the electric potential will be different.
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The photocell's terminals are grounded after measurements are taken to ensure that the capacitor is discharged when the next experiment starts. This allows an accurate determination of how long it takes for the capacitor to charge when considering different radiation intensities (not to be confused with the photoelectron's energy).
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Each color's (led) efficiency is different, so the intensity will also be different. This means that the charging time will be influenced by these factors.
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{| border="1" style="text-align: center;"
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|+ Table 1 – Spikes in the Led spectrum
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|-
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! Color
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!Frequency (Hz)
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!Wave lenght (nm)
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!Led spectrum
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|-
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|Blue.ab
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|638.7
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|469.70
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|[[File:Espectro_Azul.ab.txt|Azul.ab]]
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|-
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|Blue
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|684.6
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|438.20
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|[[File:Espectro_Azul.txt|Azul]]
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|-
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|Red
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|482.2
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|622.21
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|[[File:Espectro_Vermelho.txt|Vermelho]]
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|-
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|Yellow
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|514.4
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|583.16
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|[[File:Example.txt|Amarelo]]
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|-
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|Green
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|530.8
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|565.22
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||[[File:Espectro_Verde.txt|Verde]]
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|}
  
 
   
 
   
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{| border="1" style="text-align: center;"
 
{| border="1" style="text-align: center;"
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|+ Table 1 – Caracteristic wavelengths for the mercuty lamp  
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|+ Table 1 – Caracteristic wavelengths for the mercury lamp  
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Colour
 
!Colour
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!Approximate wavelength (nm)
 
!Approximate wavelength (nm)
 
|-
 
|-
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|Violeta longínquo
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|Ultra violet
 
|8.22x1014
 
|8.22x1014
 
|365
 
|365
 
|-
 
|-
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|Violeta
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|Violet
 
|7.41x1014
 
|7.41x1014
 
|405
 
|405
 
|-
 
|-
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|Azul
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|Blue
 
|6.88x1014
 
|6.88x1014
 
|436
 
|436
 
|-
 
|-
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|Verde
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|Green
 
|5.49x1014
 
|5.49x1014
 
|546
 
|546
 
|-
 
|-
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|Amarelo
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|Yellow
 
|5.19x1014
 
|5.19x1014
 
|578
 
|578
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# The experiment will automatically turn the mercury bulb off after 30min. After this happens, there is a 15min waiting period to stabilize the power running through the bulb.
 
# The experiment will automatically turn the mercury bulb off after 30min. After this happens, there is a 15min waiting period to stabilize the power running through the bulb.
 
# It is important to use the correct filter to avoid the superposition of two colours in the photocell, something that can occur because of diffusion of light.
 
# It is important to use the correct filter to avoid the superposition of two colours in the photocell, something that can occur because of diffusion of light.
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==Plank's Constant Determination==
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UNDER CONSTRUCTION.
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By running the experiment in NORMAL mode, the output will be a time-dependent graph of the capacitor's charge, which is determined by the current created by the photocell. The less time is takes to charge the cpacitor, the higher the current will be, which means higher light intensity (as shown in the advanced prtocol).
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#There are five observable colours (the main, discrete lines that correspond to the transitions between the discrete energy levels of of the Hg atom). Adjust and select the angle as a function of colour.
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UNDER CONSTRUCTION.
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=Advanced Protocol=
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Under construction.
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==Classic model for radiation and particle model==
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Under construction.
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=Theoretical Principles=
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Under construction.
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==Photoelectric Effect==
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Under construction.
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=Historical Elements=
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In 1921, Albert Einstein won the Nobel Physics Prize for his discovery of the law of photoelectric effect.
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=Links=
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*[[Determinação da Constante de Planck | Portuguese version (Versão em Português)]]
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Latest revision as of 11:59, 9 September 2022

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