Difference between revisions of "Dielectric effect in a Cilindric Capacitor"
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[[File:condensador-fotografia.png|thumb|Figure 1: Photo of the experimental setup]] | [[File:condensador-fotografia.png|thumb|Figure 1: Photo of the experimental setup]] | ||
| − | This purpose of this experiment is the determination of the capacity of a variable coax cylindrical capacitor. It has two sections, a first with a Polystyrene dielectric, and a second with air, allowing the determination of the relative dielectric constant of Polystyrene. | + | This purpose of this experiment is the determination of the capacity of a variable coax cylindrical capacitor. It has two sections, a first one with a Polystyrene dielectric, and a second one with air, allowing the determination of the relative dielectric constant of Polystyrene. |
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[[File:condensador-seccao.png|thumb|Figure 2: Sectioned schematic of the capacitor, where a=12mm and b=16mm]] | [[File:condensador-seccao.png|thumb|Figure 2: Sectioned schematic of the capacitor, where a=12mm and b=16mm]] | ||
| − | The capacitor is made of a copper tube with an outer diameter of 12mm | + | The capacitor is made of a 200mm long copper tube with an outer diameter of 12mm (inner plate), having been outfitted with a Polystyrene dielectric to a certain length. This is enclosed in a second copper tube with an inner diameter of 16mm (outer plate), that moves along the first, thus acting as the plates of a variable capacitor. This way, the area of the capacitor corresponds only to the parts where the two cylinders overlap. |
Note that, because of set-up constraints, there is a "minimum" capacitor of 26mm. In other words, x=0 actually corresponds to a 26mm long cylindrical capacitor and Polystyrene dielectric. | Note that, because of set-up constraints, there is a "minimum" capacitor of 26mm. In other words, x=0 actually corresponds to a 26mm long cylindrical capacitor and Polystyrene dielectric. | ||
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Considering Gauss's law, it is possible to determine the capacity of the cylindrical capacitor, using the formula: | Considering Gauss's law, it is possible to determine the capacity of the cylindrical capacitor, using the formula: | ||
| − | + | <math> | |
C = \frac{ 2 \pi \epsilon _0 }{ ln(\frac{b}{a}) } L | C = \frac{ 2 \pi \epsilon _0 }{ ln(\frac{b}{a}) } L | ||
| − | + | </math> | |
| − | By doing a linear regression with the data from the section of the capacitor without the dielectric (which means the air acts as the dielectric) it is possible to accurately determine the value of the capacity. From this, reversing the formula, the permittivity of the air | + | By doing a linear regression with the data from the section of the capacitor without the dielectric (which means the air acts as the dielectric) it is possible to accurately determine the value of the capacity. From this, reversing the formula, you can find the permittivity of the air (close to vacuum, i.e. \( \epsilon _0 \)). |
Latest revision as of 19:48, 24 May 2015
Contents
Description of the Experiment
This purpose of this experiment is the determination of the capacity of a variable coax cylindrical capacitor. It has two sections, a first one with a Polystyrene dielectric, and a second one with air, allowing the determination of the relative dielectric constant of Polystyrene.
Ligações
- Video: rtsp://elabmc.ist.utl.pt/condensador.sdp
- Laboratory: Advanced in e-lab.ist.eu[1]
- Control room: Condensador Cilíndrico
- Level: ****
Experimental Apparatus
The capacitor is made of a 200mm long copper tube with an outer diameter of 12mm (inner plate), having been outfitted with a Polystyrene dielectric to a certain length. This is enclosed in a second copper tube with an inner diameter of 16mm (outer plate), that moves along the first, thus acting as the plates of a variable capacitor. This way, the area of the capacitor corresponds only to the parts where the two cylinders overlap.
Note that, because of set-up constraints, there is a "minimum" capacitor of 26mm. In other words, x=0 actually corresponds to a 26mm long cylindrical capacitor and Polystyrene dielectric.
Protocol
Determination of the relative dielectric constant
Take two sets of experimental data, one covering the Polystyrene area and the other covering air. The end-points of the sweep should be chosen in a way that allows a precise determination of the slope of the graphical representation. This slope will give the relation between the capacity and the length of the capacitor (each set referring to its corresponding dielectric). The ratio between the two slopes will give the relative dielectric constant of Polystyrene.
Advanced Protocol
Determination of the dielectric constant of air
Considering Gauss's law, it is possible to determine the capacity of the cylindrical capacitor, using the formula:
[math] C = \frac{ 2 \pi \epsilon _0 }{ ln(\frac{b}{a}) } L [/math]
By doing a linear regression with the data from the section of the capacitor without the dielectric (which means the air acts as the dielectric) it is possible to accurately determine the value of the capacity. From this, reversing the formula, you can find the permittivity of the air (close to vacuum, i.e. \( \epsilon _0 \)).
